FAO Zone 34 (Eastern Central Atlantic) covers over 700 km of Mauritanian coastline. Mauritania's EEZ extends 200 nautical miles and offers depths of 50 to 300 metres, the preferred habitat of Octopus vulgaris. The cold Canary Current upwelling continuously brings deep, nutrient-rich water to the surface, generating exceptional biological productivity: high crustacean and small fish density, rapid growth, dense firm flesh with a cooking loss 5–10% lower than tropical-water species — the decisive quality criterion for European professional buyers.
Fishing is regulated by the Mauritanian Ministry of Fisheries and IMROP (Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des Pêches), which sets annual quotas and mandatory biological rest periods. Vessels operate under annual licences and declare their catches at each landing, in accordance with EU Regulation EC 1224/2009 on fishery product traceability.